SEE PICTURES OF -Great Observatories: Chandra X-ray Observatory
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SEE PICTURES OF -Great Observatories: Chandra X-ray Observatory

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The Chandra X-ray Observatory is part of NASA’s fleet of “Great Observatories” which also includes the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope. Chandra allows scientists from around the world to obtain X-ray images of exotic environments to help understand the structure and evolution of the universe.

upernova SN 2014C of a spiral galaxy called NGC 7331 is seen in the image from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory.The remnant resembles a wispy cloud in oranges, blues, purples, and whites, shaped like a backwards letter C. The remnant is set against a backdrop of scattered stars.
HD 61005 in X-ray and Infrared light.
This image contains lower-, medium-, and higher-energy X-rays in red, green, and blue respectively.
Near the center of these images lies the pulsar B1509-58, a rapidly spinning neutron star that is only about 12 miles in diameter. This tiny object is responsible for producing an intricate nebula (called MSH 15-52) that spans over 150 light-years, or about 900 trillion miles. The nebula, which is produced by energetic particles, resembles a human hand with a palm and extended fingers pointing to the upper right in a view from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Radio data from the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) provides new information about this exploded star and its environment. This image also contains optical data of hydrogen gas. The bright red and gold areas near the top of the image show the remains of the supernova that formed the pulsar.
Astronomers study Andromeda (Messier 31, or M31) to understand the structure and evolution of our own spiral galaxy, the Milky Way. This new composite image contains data of M31 includes X-rays from Chandra and XMM-Newton, ultraviolet data from GALEX, optical data from astrophotographers using ground-based telescopes, infrared data from Spitzer, IRAS, COBE, Planck and Herschel, and radio data from the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. Each type of light reveals new information about this close galactic relative to the Milky Way.
A circular-shaped pink and orange cloud of gas and dust with filaments. Stars are visible all around the cloud, and can be seen through it as well.
In about 5 billion years, our Sun will run out of fuel and expand, possibly engulfing Earth. These end stages…

In about 5 billion years, our Sun will run out of fuel and expand, possibly engulfing Earth. These end stages of a star’s life can be utterly beautiful as is the case with this planetary nebula called the Helix Nebula. Astronomers study these objects by looking at all kinds of light. This series of images shows X-rays from Chandra, optical light data from Hubble, infrared data from the European Southern Observatory VISTA telescope, and ultraviolet data from GALEX of the Helix Nebula. At the center of the Helix is a white dwarf, a small dim star that remains after the star shed its outer layers.

Astronomers have taken a crucial step in showing that the most massive black holes in the universe can create their own meals. Using X-ray data from Chandra and optical light data, this study, based on observations of seven galaxy clusters in total, provides new evidence that outbursts from black holes can cool down gas to feed themselves. Massive galaxies at the centers of the clusters contain huge black holes that power outbursts in the form of jets, driven by the black holes feasting on gas. This image shows the X-ray and optical data of the Centaurus cluster from the survey.
Near the outskirts of the Small Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy roughly 200 000 light-years from Earth, lies the young star cluster NGC 602, which is featured in this new image from the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. This image includes data from Webb’s NIRCam (Near-InfraRed Camera) and MIRI (Mid-InfraRed Instrument). The local environment of this cluster is a close analogue of what existed in the early Universe, with very low abundances of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. The existence of dark clouds of dense dust and the fact that the cluster is rich in ionised gas also suggest the presence of ongoing star formation processes. This cluster provides a valuable opportunity to examine star formation scenarios under dramatically different conditions from those in the solar neighbourhood. [Image description: A star cluster is shown inside a large nebula of many-coloured gas and dust. The material forms dark ridges and peaks of gas and dust surrounding the cluster, lit on the inner side, while layers of diffuse, translucent clouds blanket over them. Around and within the gas, a huge number of distant galaxies can be seen, some quite large, as well as a few stars nearer to us which are very large and bright.]
Here is a new version of the “Christmas tree cluster.” NGC 2264 is a cluster of young stars between one and five million years old. (For comparison, the Sun is a middle-aged star about 5 billion years old – about 1,000 times older.) In this image of NGC 2264 data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory have been combined with optical data captured from by astrophotographer Michael Clow from his telescope in Arizona in November 2024.
This is a colour composite photo of the peculiar galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128) , obtained with the Wide-Field Imager (WFI) camera at the ESO/MPG 2.2-m telescope on La Silla. It is based on a total of nine 3-min exposures made on March 25, 1999, through different broad-band optical filters (B(lue) - total exposure time 9 min - central wavelength 456 nm - here rendered as blue; V(isual) - 540 nm - 9 min - green; I(nfrared) - 784 nm - 9 min - red); it was prepared from files in the ESO Science Data Archive by ESO-astronomer Benoît Vandame. The elliptical shape and the central dust band, the imprint of a galaxy collision, are well visible.
In the Cygnus OB2 star cluster, giant stars send out large amounts of high-energy radiation that can disrupt relatively fragile disks of dust and gas that are in the process of coalescing to form new planets. These images show NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory data detailing the diffuse X-ray emission and young stars, with infrared data from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope revealing young stars and the cooler dust and gas throughout the region. These data were used to create the best census of young stars in the cluster.
This image features the Cassiopeia A supernova, an expanding ball of matter and energy ejected from an exploding star. Here, rings of neon blue and brilliant white emit veins of polished gold. The rings and their arching veins encircle a place of relative calm at the center of the supernova remnant. This hole at the center of the circle, and the three-dimensionality conveyed by the rings and their arching veins, give this image of Cassiopeia A the look of a giant, crackling, electric blue donut. X-rays detected by Chandra show debris from the destroyed star and the blast wave from the explosion.
Here is the distant galaxy cluster known as MACS J0416. The blackness of space is packed with glowing dots and tiny shapes, in whites, purples, oranges, golds, and reds, each a distinct galaxy. Upon close inspection (and with a great deal of zooming in!) the spiraling arms of some of the seemingly tiny galaxies are revealed in this highly detailed image. Gently arched across the middle of the frame is a soft band of purple; a reservoir of superheated gas detected by Chandra.
The young star nursery at the heart of the Orion Nebula resembles a dense, stringy, dusty rose cloud, peppered with thousands of glowing golden, white, and blue stars. Layers of cloud around the edges of the image, and a concentration of bright stars at its distant core, help convey the depth of the nebula.
Quasar H1821+643.
This deep dataset from Chandra of the remains of a supernova known as 30 Doradus B (30 Dor B) reveals evidence for more than one supernova explosion in the history of this remnant. Unusual structures in the Chandra data cannot be explained by a single explosion. These images of 30 Dor B also show optical data from the Blanco telescope in Chile, and infrared data from Spitzer. Additional data from Hubble highlights sharp features in the image.
Black hole Sagittarius A
Supernova Remnant W49B
Frontier Fields galaxy cluster MACS J0717
Chandra captured the deepest X-ray image ever made of the spectacular star forming region called 30 Doradus. These images show the X-rays from Chandra, as well as optical data from Hubble, infrared data from Spitzer, and radio data from ALMA, and reveal one of the brightest and crowded regions of star formation relatively close to Earth. The Chandra data shows thousands of individual star systems as X-ray sources plus a diffuse X-ray glow from winds blowing off giant stars and gas expelled by supernovas.

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