Impact of Climate Change Visible on the Himalayas
By Jay Singh Rawat
The impact of climate change on the Himalayas is becoming increasingly evident. While the second week of December has brought the first snowfall to the famous Om Mountain, Badrinath, Kedarnath, and the higher Himalayan peaks, it seems unlikely that the snow will last for long. Continuous snowfall is necessary for the snow to remain until the arrival of summer, but the weather department has already predicted below-average rainfall for the central and western Himalayan regions. According to natural patterns, if rainfall is low, snowfall will also be minimal. This will have a widespread impact on the five countries connected to the Himalayas, as the range acts as Asia’s water tower and weather regulator. Snowfall in the Himalayas directly and indirectly affects the economy of the Ganga plains.
Below-average rainfall Expected in December
According to the latest forecast by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), below-average rainfall is expected in most parts of northern and northwestern India, as well as in some regions of eastern and northeastern India during December 2024. On the other hand, there is a possibility of above-average rainfall (up to 121%) in southern peninsular India. The forecast also indicates neutral El Niño conditions in the southern Pacific Ocean, while La Niña conditions are expected to strengthen, potentially affecting the climate of India.
Less Rainfall to Directly Impact Snowfall
Reduced rainfall directly affects snowfall in the Himalayan region since snowfall is essentially a form of precipitation. However, the amount of snow depends on temperature and altitude. With less rainfall, the higher peaks and valleys of the Himalayas may experience light rain or dry conditions instead of snow. Experts believe that the primary reasons for reduced rainfall and snowfall in the Himalayas include global climate change, the El Niño effect, changes in atmospheric pressure patterns, and human activities. Changes in atmospheric pressure prevent northwestern winds from reaching the upper Himalayan regions, leading to a reduction in both rainfall and snowfall. Rising temperatures due to global climate change further disrupt the snowfall process, increasing rainfall instead of snow. Deforestation and land-use changes cause environmental imbalances, impacting the local climate and reducing both snowfall and rainfall. Additionally, natural shifts in Earth’s climate patterns, such as the “inter-monsoon” and “monsoon breaks,” could contribute to reduced rainfall and snowfall in the region.
Impact on the Water Tower of Asia
The Himalayas, as Asia’s water tower and weather regulator, play a crucial role in maintaining the region’s climate and hydrology. A reduction in snowfall does not only affect the local environment but also has far-reaching consequences for the entire country and its economy. The Himalayas provide a vital source of water for rivers and reservoirs in India. Less snowfall means less melting ice, which directly impacts the water levels of rivers. This can lead to water shortages, affecting agriculture, drinking water supplies, and industries. Glacial-fed rivers like the Ganga, Yamuna, Sutlej, Indus, and Brahmaputra are of immense importance to the Indian subcontinent. These rivers are not only a major source of water but are also crucial for agriculture, industry, power generation, and drinking water. Large hydropower projects are already operating on these rivers, and several more are under construction. For these projects to function optimally and generate maximum electricity, abundant water in the rivers is required.
Impact on Glaciers and Rainfall Patterns
Reduced snowfall could accelerate the melting of glaciers, leading to a rise in water levels in the Himalayan region, which could later result in hazardous conditions such as glacial storms, floods, and landslides. The increase in temperature caused by reduced snowfall can also disrupt the region’s ecosystems, affecting plant and animal habitats and leading to a loss of biodiversity. Snowfall plays a crucial role in reflecting sunlight (the albedo effect), and with less snow, more heat is absorbed, contributing to global warming. This could cause further imbalances in weather patterns, leading to more intense heat waves, droughts, and extreme rainfall events. Reduced snowfall in the Himalayas can also disrupt the Indian monsoon and rainfall patterns. Rising temperatures may alter the direction and patterns of the monsoon, leading to irregular rainfall and droughts.
Economic Impacts
The decrease in snowfall in the Himalayas could lead to a reduced water supply, negatively affecting both rabi and kharif crops. Farmers may need additional water resources for irrigation, leading to increased costs and a decrease in agricultural productivity. The Himalayas are also a popular destination for skiing, trekking, and other snow-based tourism activities. A reduction in snowfall would decrease the appeal of these activities, negatively impacting the tourism industry. This could affect local employment and economic activities. Additionally, changes in atmospheric pressure and dynamics in the Himalayan region could increase air pollution levels, leading to respiratory illnesses and other health issues, particularly in areas already experiencing high levels of pollution. Less snowfall in the Himalayas could also exacerbate heatwaves, leading to heat strokes, dehydration, and other health problems. In such situations, both governments and citizens need to be prepared for potential challenges.
(Note- The writer of this article is a senior journalist and author of a dozen books. He is an honorary member of the editorial board of this new portal.–Admin)